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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 10:14   #1
Texan
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Africa needs more than just monetary aid

Democracy, Not Dollars
Africa needs more than just monetary aid.

By President Mamadou Koulibaly

On Wednesday, the World Summit on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) opened at the United Nations. This summit follows the good intentions of the Gleneagles G-8 Summit in July, which, under the leadership of prime minister Tony Blair, stressed the need to increase official development assistance to Africa.

These intentions are noble, but five years have passed since the adoption of the MDG by the U.N. General Assembly in September 2000. It is time to step back and frankly assess the results. We can no longer ignore that aid policies for African states have had only insignificant effects; key research-and-development aid institutes consistently draw our attention to the failure of these measures. How can aid be increasingly provided to African governments without making sure that the rule of law and transparency are promoted as the strategic framework to improve living conditions?

Now seems an appropriate time to make new, more realistic and effective commitments for the future of the MDG. We would do well to question some of the irrelevant assumptions of those calling for an increase in the volume of aid. Numerous World Bank and IMF analysts, among others working at major research centers on international development, question the effectiveness of the policies adopted so far. Research increasingly shows that economic prosperity is primarily generated by private investment when states can stimulate economic freedom.

Reflecting on international development, global prosperity, common security, and a millennium of universal peace must become a matter of primary concern to all of us. Introspection should focus more on methods than on goals per se. No golden solution will fall from the sky. The main challenge we face is to develop the capacity to open up our countries to international actors who can foster prosperity for the poorest amongst us. We also cannot shy away from our responsibilities as Africans.

The MDG address only the effects of underdevelopment in poor countries. The commitments made in 2000 focused on reducing extreme poverty, hunger, infant, and maternal mortality and diseases, with an emphasis on tuberculosis, AIDS, and malaria. Any honest assessment, however, shows that structural poverty has increased, with larger numbers of Africans trapped in the cycle of poverty. Farmers, often the largest social and professional class, are still amongst the poorest in Africa countries when they live off of lands that are not governed by precise ownership rights. Recent tragedies in Niger, Senegal, and Sudan remind us that famine remains a major problem in the 21st century, because of harsh climatic conditions exacerbated by armed conflicts. Infant and maternal mortality are likewise too common. In Africa, AIDS makes other contagious diseases harder to control.

The MDG also sought to improve basic education and gender equality. They aimed at improving access to drinking water and at ensuring better environmental conservation, through a partnership between rich and poor countries. Yet there has been an increase in the number of child-soldiers and an increase in the number of armed conflicts; polygamy offers a marked contrast to the desire for equal rights for women; and the dramatic growth of cities has led to a destruction of forests and depletion of water tables.

Moreover, the MDG have been pursued in most African countries within a macro-policy framework, and thus have been marked by unfair cooperation agreements that are a substitute for colonialism. The MDG do nothing to redress these unfair colonial pacts signed with departing European colonial powers in the 1960s.

Another disturbing fact of the MDG, noble intentions notwithstanding, is that they have been used as benchmarks by African states to promote centralized national development, even though the past century taught us a clear historical lesson: that central planning and authoritarianism fails and that market economies and democracy work. Individual freedom and the right to self-determination are self-evident truths; they cannot be ignored. If ignored, unintended consequences such as the underlying conditions will continue to foster conflicts, and breed terrorism and extremism of all types in poor countries.

There is now a good opportunity to begin advocating for freedom, democracy, and the enshrinement of clearer and more precise property rights regarding common goods that are all too often considered in Africa as state property. For common goals, we need common approaches based on rights and individual freedoms, which the signatory states should promote. Rich countries cannot be the only democracies in the world while poor countries are forced to content themselves with anti-democratic regimes. Developed countries should not maintain economic freedom exclusively for themselves and condone the collapse of countries receiving their assistance beneath the yoke of liberticidal regimes and protectionist pacts. Africa needs free trade and democracy.

Democracy, as a universal value, as well as equity and freedom should be the foundation for common approaches to the MDG. To reach thess goals, we need imaginative leadership rather than cautious leadership. The level and flow of aid dollars matter less than improving governance in poor countries and inter-state relations at the global level. We ask the developed world to work effectively with us to end unfair trade practices, to promote freedom, economic development and the rule of law, and to assure a better future for all the children of our continent.

— Mamadou Koulibaly, a noted author, is president of the National Assembly of the Ivory Coast.
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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 11:13   #2
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Re: Africa needs more than just monetary aid

I remember a time where a country was beaten in a huge, (some say world) war when they kept trying to place their beliefs and morals on other countries. But calling it 'democracy' instead of 'fascism' or 'communism' makes it better?
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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 11:21   #3
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Re: Africa needs more than just monetary aid

I'm not sure anyone (ever) has believed the just monetary aid was what Africa needed. Indeed, the recent Live 8 stuff was explicitly not to raise monetary aid but instead to concentrate on achieving "higher awareness" (whatever that might mean). Trying to pretend otherwise is pure straw-manning.

As for free-trade : in a sense, yes. Free trade is absolutley needed in Europe and the United States so areas where the developing world has a chance to export (e.g. agriculture and textiles). Highly subsidised and controlled European agricultural markets are not an example of free-trade and never have been.

However, I would say that free-trade means whatever the speaker who uses the term wishes it to mean. It is becoming as meaningless as "freedom" and "democracy" among politicians. For instance, a key component of "free trade" for the United States is pressuring other countries to enforce rigid intellectual property laws. In concrete terms this usually means increasing the number of arrests of people who "pirate" software, cracking down on trading of counterfit goods, etc. The perversity of restricting trade of a harmless, safe under the banner of freedom of trade does not occur to the people persuing such a poolicy.

Similarly, "free trade" in parts of Latin America and Afghanistan is dedicated to trying to stop farmers grow the most profitable crop they can grow (opium or cocoa in many cases) using violence in some cases. Again, the irony is lost on the policy makers.

I'm also skeptical on the following remark
Quote:
Another disturbing fact of the MDG, noble intentions notwithstanding, is that they have been used as benchmarks by African states to promote centralized national development, even though the past century taught us a clear historical lesson: that central planning and authoritarianism fails and that market economies and democracy work.
Now, this depends entirely on what you mean. Yes, the Stalinist states in the Eastern block were failures under most measures, especially when compared to their Western European counterparts (although in many cases comparisons were unfair). Yes, the countries who have done reasonably well economically have generally been democracies. However, I can think of no country which has been an economic success where national government has not had a huge roll to play in economic development on all sorts of levels. The countries with the highest levels of economic development (North-West Europe, the United States, Japan to an extent) have (or have had) large state involvement in the economy to varying degrees.

Among developing countries the countries which have flirted more directly with neo-liberal privatisations (e.g. in Latin America) have generally faired quite badly (in relative terms) in achieving long-term economic growth and stability. The countries which our media fawns over as the next big thing (China, India) have government systems in some senses which are far more controlling than our own.
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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 11:58   #4
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Re: Africa needs more than just monetary aid

Also, on the subject of the UN and since no-one will bother reading this thread past the first post :
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Speech by President Chavez at UN General Assembly, Thursday September 15, 2005

Your Excellencies, friends, good afternoon:

The original purpose of this meeting has been completely distorted. The imposed center of debate has been a so-called reform process that overshadows the most urgent issues, what the peoples of the world claim with urgency: the adoption of measures that deal with the real problems that block and sabotage the efforts made by our countries for real development and life.

Translated by Néstor Sánchez

Five years after the Millennium Summit, the harsh reality is that the great majority of estimated goals- which were very modest indeed- will not be met.

We pretended reducing by half the 842 million hungry people by the year 2015. At the current rate that goal will be achieved by the year 2215. Who in this audience will be there to celebrate it? That is only if the human race is able to survive the destruction that threats our natural environment.

We had claimed the aspiration of achieving universal primary education by the year 2015. At the current rate that goal will be reached after the year 2100. Let us prepare, then, to celebrate it.

Friends of the world, this takes us to a sad conclusion: The United Nations has exhausted its model, and it is not all about reform. The XXI century claims deep changes that will only be possible if a new organization is founded. This UN does not work. We have to say it. It is the truth. These transformations – the ones Venezuela is referring to- have, according to us, two phases: The immediate phase and the aspiration phase, a utopia. The first is framed by the agreements that were signed in the old system. We do not run away from them. We even bring concrete proposals in that model for the short term. But the dream of an ever-lasting world peace, the dream of a world not ashamed by hunger, disease, illiteracy, extreme necessity, needs-apart from roots- to spread its wings to fly. We need to spread our wings and fly. We are aware of a frightening neoliberal globalization, but there is also the reality of an interconnected world that we have to face not as a problem but as a challenge. We could, on the basis of national realities, exchange knowledge, integrate markets, interconnect, but at the same time we must understand that there are problems that do not have a national solution: radioactive clouds, world oil prices, diseases, warming of the planet or the hole in the ozone layer. These are not domestic problems. As we stride toward a new United Nations model that includes all of us when they talk about the people, we are bringing four indispensable and urgent reform proposals to this Assembly: the first; the expansion of the Security Council in its permanent categories as well as the non permanent categories, thus allowing new developed and developing countries as new permanent and non permanent categories. The second; we need to assure the necessary improvement of the work methodology in order to increase transparency, not to diminish it. The third; we need to immediately suppress- we have said this repeatedly in Venezuela for the past six years- the veto in the decisions taken by the Security Council, that elitist trace is incompatible with democracy, incompatible with the principles of equality and democracy.

And the fourth; we need to strengthen the role of the Secretary General; his/her political functions regarding preventive diplomacy, that role must be consolidated. The seriousness of all problems calls for deep transformations. Mere reforms are not enough to recover that “we” all the peoples of the world are waiting for. More than just reforms we in Venezuela call for the foundation of a new United Nations, or as the teacher of Simón Bolívar, Simón Rodríguez said: “Either we invent or we err.”

At the Porto Alegre World Social Forum last January different personalities asked for the United Nations to move outside the United States if the repeated violations to international rule of law continue. Today we know that there were never any weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. The people of the United States have always been very rigorous in demanding the truth to their leaders; the people of the world demand the same thing. There were never any weapons of mass destruction; however, Iraq was bombed, occupied and it is still occupied. All this happened over the United Nations. That is why we propose this Assembly that the United Nations should leave a country that does not respect the resolutions taken by this same Assembly. Some proposals have pointed out to Jerusalem as an international city as an alternative. The proposal is generous enough to propose an answer to the current conflict affecting Palestine. Nonetheless, it may have some characteristics that could make it very difficult to become a reality. That is why we are bringing a proposal made by Simón Bolívar, the great Liberator of the South, in 1815. Bolívar proposed then the creation of an international city that would host the idea of unity.

We believe it is time to think about the creation of an international city with its own sovereignty, with its own strength and morality to represent all nations of the world. Such international city has to balance five centuries of unbalance. The headquarters of the United Nations must be in the South.

Ladies and gentlemen, we are facing an unprecedented energy crisis in which an unstoppable increase of energy is perilously reaching record highs, as well as the incapacity of increase oil supply and the perspective of a decline in the proven reserves of fuel worldwide. Oil is starting to become exhausted.

For the year 2020 the daily demand for oil will be 120 million barrels. Such demand, even without counting future increments- would consume in 20 years what humanity has used up to now. This means that more carbon dioxide will inevitably be increased, thus warming our planet even more.

Hurricane Katrina has been a painful example of the cost of ignoring such realities. The warming of the oceans is the fundamental factor behind the demolishing increase in the strength of the hurricanes we have witnessed in the last years. Let this occasion be an outlet to send our deepest condolences to the people of the United States. Their people are brothers and sisters of all of us in the Americas and the rest of the world.

It is unpractical and unethical to sacrifice the human race by appealing in an insane manner the validity of a socioeconomic model that has a galloping destructive capacity. It would be suicidal to spread it and impose it as an infallible remedy for the evils which are caused precisely by them.

Not too long ago the President of the United States went to an Organization of American States’ meeting to propose Latin America and the Caribbean to increase market-oriented policies, open market policies-that is neoliberalism- when it is precisely the fundamental cause of the great evils and the great tragedies currently suffered by our people. : The neoliberal capitalism, the Washington Consensus. All this has generated is a high degree of misery, inequality and infinite tragedy for all the peoples on his continent.

What we need now more than ever Mr. President is a new international order. Let us recall the United Nations General assembly in its sixth extraordinary session period in 1974, 31 years ago, where a new International Economic Order action plan was adopted, as well as the States Economic Rights and Duties Charter by an overwhelming majority, 120 votes for the motion, 6 against and 10 abstentions. This was the period when voting was possible at the United Nations. Now it is impossible to vote. Now they approve documents such as this one which I denounce on behalf of Venezuela as null, void and illegitimate. This document was approved violating the current laws of the United Nations. This document is invalid! This document should be discussed; the Venezuelan government will make it public. We cannot accept an open and shameless dictatorship in the United Nations. These matters should be discussed and that is why I petition my colleagues, heads of states and heads of governments, to discuss it.

I just came from a meeting with President Néstor Kirchner and well, I was pulling this document out; this document was handed out five minutes before- and only in English- to our delegation. This document was approved by a dictatorial hammer which I am here denouncing as illegal, null, void and illegitimate.

Hear this, Mr. President: if we accept this, we are indeed lost. Let us turn off the lights, close all doors and windows! That would be unbelievable: us accepting a dictatorship here in this hall.

Now more than ever- we were saying- we need to retake ideas that were left on the road such as the proposal approved at this Assembly in 1974 regarding a New Economic International Order. Article 2 of that text confirms the right of states to nationalizing the property and natural resources that belonged to foreign investors. It also proposed to create cartels of raw material producers. In the Resolution 3021, May, 1974, the Assembly expressed its will to work with utmost urgency in the creation of a New Economic International Order based on- listen carefully, please- “the equity, sovereign equality, interdependence, common interest and cooperation among all states regardless of their economic and social systems, correcting the inequalities and repairing the injustices among developed and developing countries, thus assuring present and future generations, peace, justice and a social and economic development that grows at a sustainable rate.”

The main goal of the New Economic International Order was to modify the old economic order conceived at Breton Woods.

We the people now claim- this is the case of Venezuela- a new international economic order. But it is also urgent a new international political order. Let us not permit that a few countries try to reinterpret the principles of International Law in order to impose new doctrines such as “pre-emptive warfare.” Oh do they threaten us with that pre-emptive war! And what about the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine? We need to ask ourselves. Who is going to protect us? How are they going to protect us?

I believe one of the countries that require protection is precisely the United States. That was shown painfully with the tragedy caused by Hurricane Katrina; they do not have a government that protects them from the announced nature disasters, if we are going to talk about protecting each other; these are very dangerous concepts that shape imperialism, interventionism as they try to legalize the violation of the national sovereignty. The full respect towards the principles of International Law and the United Nations Charter must be, Mr. President, the keystone for international relations in today’s world and the base for the new order we are currently proposing.

It is urgent to fight, in an efficient manner, international terrorism. Nonetheless, we must not use it as an excuse to launch unjustified military aggressions which violate international law. Such has been the doctrine following September 11. Only a true and close cooperation and the end of the double discourse that some countries of the North apply regarding terrorism, could end this terrible calamity.

In just seven years of Bolivarian Revolution, the people of Venezuela can claim important social and economic advances.

One million four hundred and six thousand Venezuelans learned to read and write. We are 25 million total. And the country will-in a few days- be declared illiteracy-free territory. And three million Venezuelans, who had always been excluded because of poverty, are now part of primary, secondary and higher studies.

Seventeen million Venezuelans-almost 70% of the population- are receiving, and for the first time, universal healthcare, including the medicine, and in a few years, all Venezuelans will have free access to an excellent healthcare service. More thatn a million seven hundred tons of food are channeled to over 12 million people at subsidized prices, almost half the population. One million gets them completely free, as they are in a transition period. More than 700 thousand new jobs have been created, thus reducing unemployment by 9 points. All of this amid internal and external aggressions, including a coup d’etat and an oil industry shutdown organized by Washington. Regardless of the conspiracies, the lies spread by powerful media outlets, and the permanent threat of the empire and its allies, they even call for the assassination of a president. The only country where a person is able to call for the assassination of a head of state is the United States. Such was the case of a Reverend called Pat Robertson, very close to the White House: He called for my assassination and he is a free person. That is international terrorism!

We will fight for Venezuela, for Latin American integration and the world. We reaffirm our infinite faith in humankind. We are thirsty for peace and justice in order to survive as species. Simón Bolívar, founding father of our country and guide of our revolution swore to never allow his hands to be idle or his soul to rest until he had broken the shackles which bound us to the empire. Now is the time to not allow our hands to be idle or our souls to rest until we save humanity.
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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 13:03   #5
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Re: Africa needs more than just monetary aid

Does Africa know it needs US style democracy ?
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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 16:13   #6
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Re: Africa needs more than just monetary aid

I wouldn't be averse to a bit of good old-fashioned socialist economics to get many of the world's poorest countries up to a minimum subsistence level. Real free-market approaches would also be of huge benefit. Of course most of this is fairly obvious. Actually the first post is really just an incredibly long way of saying give a man a fish and he can eat for one day; teach a man to fish, and he will never be hungry for the rest of his life. Clearly it's a better idea to teach people how to create wealth rather than just redistribute it. It's just rather more difficult for busy middle-class drones to support democracy and fair trade policies in Africa than for them to give a few dollars a month.
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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 17:37   #7
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Re: Africa needs more than just monetary aid

Liberalism Through Empire!
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Unread 17 Sep 2005, 18:16   #8
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Re: Africa needs more than just monetary aid

Chavez is a fairly cool guy despite being some sort of raving socialist loon at times, he was the first foreign leader to offer aid after Hurricane Katrina if I remember correctly. It should be noted that the only way all those reforms get done is through profits from the oil industry.
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